Ish-diplomati i lart\u00eb austriak Wolfgang Petritsch vler\u00ebson se Kosova po p\u00ebrballet me nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb t\u00eb zgjatur pasigurie politike dhe bllokade institucionale, e cila sipas tij po ndikon si n\u00eb reformat e brendshme ashtu edhe n\u00eb pozicionin nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar t\u00eb vendit. Ai n\u00eb nj\u00eb intervist\u00eb p\u00ebr Radop Kosov, thekson munges\u00ebn e kompromisit politik, polarizimin e sken\u00ebs politike dhe sfidat n\u00eb dialogun Kosov\u00eb\u2013Serbi si pengesat kryesore p\u00ebr stabilitetin demokratik dhe avancimin e Kosov\u00ebs drejt integrimeve evropiane.<\/p>\n
Kosova, do t\u00eb thosha, gjat\u00eb k\u00ebtyre muajve t\u00eb fundit ka p\u00ebrjetuar nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb t\u00eb zgjatur pasigurie politike. Gjithashtu, mund t\u00eb thuhet se vendi po p\u00ebrballet me nj\u00eb bllokad\u00eb institucionale. Si e vler\u00ebsoni situat\u00ebn aktuale politike dhe cilat jan\u00eb rreziqet kryesore p\u00ebr qeverisjen demokratike n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kontekst?<\/p>\n
Wolfgang Petritsch: N\u00eb shum\u00eb aspekte, m\u00eb duket se ideja e demokracis\u00eb po keqp\u00ebrdoret, n\u00eb kuptimin q\u00eb zgjedhjet po p\u00ebrs\u00ebriten vazhdimisht p\u00ebr arsye partiake. Problemi kryesor q\u00eb shoh, sfida m\u00eb e madhe p\u00ebr nj\u00eb Kosov\u00eb demokratike, \u00ebsht\u00eb mungesa e gatishm\u00ebris\u00eb p\u00ebr kompromis politik. Vet\u00eb ideja e demokracis\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb aft\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjetur nj\u00eb kompromis t\u00eb q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm edhe n\u00eb rrethana t\u00eb v\u00ebshtira. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb thelbi i saj. Pika e dyt\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme, e cila vlen edhe p\u00ebr Kosov\u00ebn, \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00ebnyra se si trajtohen pakicat n\u00eb nj\u00eb shtet, qofshin ato pakica etnike, gjuh\u00ebsore, kulturore apo t\u00eb tjera. M\u00ebnyra se si nj\u00eb vend i trajton pakicat \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb fakt testi m\u00eb i mir\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb vler\u00ebsuar n\u00ebse ai ka nj\u00eb sistem liberal-demokratik funksional. Dhe pik\u00ebrisht n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb aspekt shoh hap\u00ebsir\u00eb p\u00ebr p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsim.<\/p>\n
P\u00ebrmir\u00ebsim n\u00eb \u00e7far\u00eb kuptimi? N\u00ebse i shohim pakicat n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb, do t\u00eb thosha se ato g\u00ebzojn\u00eb t\u00eb drejta mjaft t\u00eb mira, t\u00eb bazuara n\u00eb t\u00eb drejtat kushtetuese. N\u00ebse i referoheni komunitetit serb, a e shihni se ekziston vullnet nga ana e tyre p\u00ebr t\u2019u integruar m\u00eb shum\u00eb n\u00eb institucionet dhe shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb e Kosov\u00ebs?<\/p>\n
Wolfgang Petritsch: Kur them se ka hap\u00ebsir\u00eb p\u00ebr p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsim, natyrisht jam shum\u00eb i vet\u00ebdijsh\u00ebm, pasi kam qen\u00eb i p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb Marr\u00ebveshjen e Paqes s\u00eb Rambujes\u00eb si kryenegociator i Bashkimit Evropian, s\u00eb bashku me nj\u00eb koleg rus dhe nj\u00eb amerikan. Mendoj se, n\u00eb let\u00ebr, ekzistojn\u00eb shum\u00eb elemente q\u00eb e b\u00ebjn\u00eb Kosov\u00ebn nj\u00eb demokraci evropiane. Por problemi q\u00eb un\u00eb shoh, dhe kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb arsyeja pse them se ka vend p\u00ebr p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsim, \u00ebsht\u00eb se jo gjith\u00e7ka po zbatohet. Dhe sigurisht, ju e p\u00ebrmend\u00ebt k\u00ebt\u00eb, \u00e7\u00ebshtja e komunitetit serb dhe e qytetar\u00ebve serb\u00eb t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs duhet t\u00eb trajtohet n\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb serioze. Megjithat\u00eb, e di se Beogradi p\u00ebrb\u00ebn nj\u00eb penges\u00eb t\u00eb madhe n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb drejtim. Por ju, si nj\u00eb shtet q\u00eb u mb\u00ebshtet p\u00ebr t\u2019u b\u00ebr\u00eb i pavarur nga gjysma e bot\u00ebs, ku n\u00eb vitin 1999 NATO-ja, n\u00ebn udh\u00ebheqjen e Shteteve t\u00eb Bashkuara, nd\u00ebrhyri ushtarakisht, p\u00ebrb\u00ebni nj\u00eb shembull unik n\u00eb bot\u00eb se si nj\u00eb popull q\u00eb ishte n\u00ebn k\u00ebrc\u00ebnim ushtarak \u2013 n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast nga Serbia dhe ushtria e saj \u2013 u \u00e7lirua. Kjo, n\u00eb fakt, shton p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsin\u00eb e \u00e7do qeverie dhe \u00e7do presidenti q\u00eb t\u00eb sigurohet se vendi ec\u00ebn p\u00ebrpara, duke kaluar nga t\u00eb qenit nj\u00eb problem p\u00ebr Evrop\u00ebn dhe komunitetin nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar, n\u00eb t\u00eb qenit pjes\u00eb e zgjidhjes. Ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht tani, kur po p\u00ebrballemi me nj\u00eb sfid\u00eb globale t\u00eb paprecedent\u00eb q\u00eb nga viti 1945. Dhe p\u00ebrshtypja ime \u00ebsht\u00eb se \u00e7do diskutim n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb me problemet e brendshme, me pamund\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb zhvilluar dialog, p\u00ebr t\u00eb dialoguar brenda vendit. Dhe nuk po flas ende p\u00ebr dialogun e nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsuar nga Bashkimi Evropian. Po flas p\u00ebr dialogun e p\u00ebrditsh\u00ebm politik nd\u00ebrmjet partive politike. T\u00eb gjitha ato jan\u00eb parti demokratike.<\/p>\n
N\u00eb \u00e7far\u00eb mase mendoni se polarizimi politik n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb, n\u00eb k\u00ebto momente, po ndikon n\u00eb aft\u00ebsin\u00eb e Kosov\u00ebs p\u00ebr t\u00eb zbatuar reforma ose p\u00ebr t\u00eb avancuar n\u00eb agjend\u00ebn nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare?<\/p>\n
Wolfgang Petritsch: N\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka q\u00eb sapo p\u00ebrmend\u00ebt \u2013 n\u00eb t\u00eb dyja k\u00ebto \u00e7\u00ebshtje madhore. Para s\u00eb gjithash, n\u00ebse nuk keni nj\u00eb qeveri t\u00eb zgjedhur, at\u00ebher\u00eb reformat nuk po ndodhin. Nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb aspektin nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar, un\u00eb shoh gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb evropian\u00eb, edhe k\u00ebtu n\u00eb Austri, q\u00eb po e shohin Kosov\u00ebn si nj\u00eb problem n\u00eb rritje, n\u00eb vend se si nj\u00eb vend q\u00eb po i zvog\u00eblon sfidat e tij. Tani p\u00ebr tani, Kosova ndodhet n\u00eb nj\u00eb situat\u00eb ku gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb pak mb\u00ebshtetje po vjen nga Bashkimi Evropian dhe nga komuniteti nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar. Njer\u00ebzit nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb gatsh\u00ebm, n\u00eb k\u00ebto rrethana shum\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebshtira p\u00ebr Evrop\u00ebn, ku kemi nj\u00eb luft\u00eb \u2013 madje dy luft\u00ebra \u2013 n\u00eb fqinj\u00ebsi: n\u00eb Ukrain\u00eb, por edhe n\u00eb Lindjen e Mesme, e cila gjithashtu \u00ebsht\u00eb pjes\u00eb e fqinj\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb Evrop\u00ebs. Ne duhet t\u00eb sigurohemi q\u00eb \u00e7do vend n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb t\u2019i zgjidh\u00eb vet\u00eb problemet e tij. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb di\u00e7ka q\u00eb tani \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme se kurr\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Dhe \u00e7far\u00eb mendoni se duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb roli i lidershipit politik n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb n\u00eb rikthimin e stabilitetit institucional dhe, ndoshta, t\u00eb besimit t\u00eb publikut?<\/p>\n
Wolfgang Petritsch: M\u00eb lejoni t\u00eb them nj\u00eb gj\u00eb, shum\u00eb personale. E kam njohur Kryeministrin Kurti prej shum\u00eb vitesh. E mbaj mend kur po negocionim n\u00eb vitin 1998 dhe n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb vitit 1999 n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb; ai ishte sekretar i nj\u00eb prej lider\u00ebve m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm atje. Ishte nj\u00eb student i ri me flok\u00eb t\u00eb gjata. Dukej qart\u00eb se ishte shum\u00eb i interesuar p\u00ebr politik\u00ebn. E kam takuar edhe m\u00eb von\u00eb. Kam qen\u00eb nd\u00ebr ata q\u00eb e kam mb\u00ebshtetur lirimin e tij nga burgu kur ishte i burgosur nga Beogradi. Ka pasur shum\u00eb simpati dhe angazhim nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar p\u00ebr lirimin e tij. E kam takuar s\u00ebrish pas k\u00ebsaj dhe e kam par\u00eb p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb fundit vitin e kaluar. Ai \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb person shum\u00eb i aft\u00eb dhe shum\u00eb inteligjent. Por ajo q\u00eb m\u00eb mungon \u2013 dhe kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb situat\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00ebfar\u00eb m\u00ebnyre tragjike \u2013 \u00ebsht\u00eb se ai, si politikani m\u00eb i fuqish\u00ebm, ka edhe p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsin\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe p\u00ebr mir\u00ebqenien e vendit. Dhe, megjithat\u00eb, duket se nuk po arrin t\u00eb gjej\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb komunikuar apo p\u00ebr t\u00eb arritur nj\u00eb zgjidhje konstruktive p\u00ebr problemet q\u00eb po rriten n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb situat\u00eb shum\u00eb e pafat, do t\u00eb thoja. Dhe un\u00eb kam nj\u00eb vler\u00ebsim t\u00eb lart\u00eb p\u00ebr zotin Kurti, ashtu si\u00e7 kam miq edhe nga parti t\u00eb tjera politike. I njoh k\u00ebta njer\u00ebz, ashtu si\u00e7 njoh shum\u00eb diplomat\u00eb, ambasador\u00eb dhe t\u00eb rinj. Dhe kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb ajo q\u00eb mungon: ka shum\u00eb potencial, por politikan\u00ebt kryesor\u00eb duhet t\u00eb ulen s\u00eb bashku dhe t\u00eb gjejn\u00eb nj\u00eb zgjidhje \u2013 si nga qeveria, ashtu edhe nga opozita. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb thelb\u00ebsore.<\/p>\n
Un\u00eb do t\u00eb ndalesha te dialogu Kosov\u00eb\u2013Serbi. Kan\u00eb kaluar m\u00eb shum\u00eb se dy dekada q\u00eb nga konflikti, dhe normalizimi mes k\u00ebtyre dy vendeve, do t\u00eb thosha, mbetet ende i paqart\u00eb. Cilat jan\u00eb, sipas jush, pengesat kryesore p\u00ebr arritjen e nj\u00eb marr\u00ebveshjeje gjith\u00ebp\u00ebrfshir\u00ebse n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb faz\u00eb? Apo besoni se ky dialog duhet t\u00eb vazhdoj\u00eb n\u00eb form\u00ebn si\u00e7 ka qen\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb, duke qen\u00eb se aktualisht jemi n\u00eb nj\u00eb status quo?<\/p>\n
Wolfgang Petritsch: Duhet t\u00eb theksoj fillimisht se ky dialog ka arritur shum\u00eb. \u00cbsht\u00eb v\u00ebrtet mbres\u00ebl\u00ebn\u00ebse kur e mendon periudh\u00ebn menj\u00ebher\u00eb pas nd\u00ebrhyrjes s\u00eb NATO-s dhe vitet q\u00eb pasuan deri te shpallja e pavar\u00ebsis\u00eb. Bashkimi Evropian ka luajtur gjithmon\u00eb nj\u00eb rol shum\u00eb konstruktiv. S\u00eb fundmi kam biseduar gjat\u00eb me z. Sorensen p\u00ebr situat\u00ebn dhe ai \u00ebsht\u00eb v\u00ebrtet i angazhuar. Mendoj se \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga njer\u00ebzit m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb q\u00eb mund t\u00eb kesh p\u00ebr nj\u00eb proces t\u00eb till\u00eb, p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb dialog. Ai e njeh mir\u00eb Kosov\u00ebn dhe rajonin n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi; \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb diplomat shum\u00eb me p\u00ebrvoj\u00eb dhe i p\u00ebrkushtuar i BE-s\u00eb. Por n\u00eb fund, gjith\u00e7ka do t\u00eb varet nga Prishtina q\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb gj\u00ebn\u00eb e duhur. E di q\u00eb Beogradi \u00ebsht\u00eb problemi m\u00eb i madh, por duhet mbajtur parasysh se edhe Beogradi po humb di\u00e7ka. Shum\u00eb serb\u00eb besojn\u00eb ende se Kosova u p\u00ebrket atyre. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb irracionale dhe shum\u00eb emocionale. P\u00ebr Kosov\u00ebn \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme q\u00eb m\u00eb n\u00eb fund t\u00eb konsolidohet si shtet sovran. Prandaj, Prishtina duhet t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbushur obligimet e saj. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishmja. Dhe n\u00ebse Beogradi nuk e ndjek k\u00ebt\u00eb proces, at\u00ebher\u00eb kjo nuk duhet t\u00eb shihet si problem i Kosov\u00ebs.<\/p>\n
\u00c7far\u00eb duhet t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb Kosova p\u00ebr t\u2019i p\u00ebrmbushur m\u00eb mir\u00eb ato marr\u00ebveshje? Cilat jan\u00eb hapat q\u00eb institucionet e Kosov\u00ebs duhet t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrin m\u00eb tej n\u00eb zbatimin e marr\u00ebveshjeve t\u00eb arritura, n\u00ebse Serbia nuk i ndjek ato?<\/p>\n
Wolfgang Petritsch: P\u00ebr shembull, Marr\u00ebveshja e Ohrit e vitit 2023 q\u00eb t\u00eb dyja pal\u00ebt e kan\u00eb n\u00ebnshkruar. N\u00ebse Beogradi nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i gatsh\u00ebm t\u00eb l\u00ebviz\u00eb, at\u00ebher\u00eb Prishtina mund t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb di\u00e7ka n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb drejtim. Mendoj se duhet t\u00eb krijojm\u00eb nj\u00eb terren loje q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb pozitiv dhe konstruktiv. Dhe e di q\u00eb po flasim p\u00ebr pjes\u00ebn veriore t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs, ku jeton komuniteti me shumic\u00eb serbe. M\u00eb shum\u00eb se 10 vite m\u00eb par\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb r\u00ebn\u00eb dakord q\u00eb t\u00eb ket\u00eb nj\u00eb form\u00eb t\u00eb vet\u00ebadministrimit. Nuk po flas p\u00ebr Republik\u00ebn Srpska \u2013 p\u00ebrkundrazi. Ne, evropian\u00ebt, jemi plot\u00ebsisht t\u00eb bindur se Kosova duhet t\u00eb b\u00ebhet nj\u00eb shtet funksional dhe i q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm. Dhe nuk mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb, nuk duhet t\u00eb ket\u00eb nj\u00eb problem t\u00eb ngjash\u00ebm me Republik\u00ebn Srpska, si\u00e7 e shohim n\u00eb Bosnje. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb e p\u00ebrjashtuar. Por n\u00eb fush\u00ebn administrative, gjuh\u00ebsore, n\u00eb arsim dhe administrat\u00eb, ka shum\u00eb fusha ku duhet t\u00eb b\u00ebhet integrimi i serb\u00ebve n\u00eb iden\u00eb e nj\u00eb shteti t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb, e di, sepse tani ka nj\u00eb udh\u00ebheqje n\u00eb Beograd q\u00eb nuk e mb\u00ebshtet k\u00ebt\u00eb, por kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb arti i politik\u00ebs \u2013 t\u00eb arrish di\u00e7ka q\u00eb duket e paarritshme. Duhet t\u00eb l\u00ebvizet n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb drejtim. Por kur e shoh Prishtin\u00ebn politike, shoh p\u00ebrplasje t\u00eb vazhdueshme \u2013 gjithmon\u00eb konflikte mes partive dhe personaliteteve \u2013 n\u00eb vend q\u00eb t\u00eb ket\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt dhe t\u00eb koordinuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb par\u00eb si t\u00eb ecet p\u00ebrpara drejt sovranitetit m\u00eb t\u00eb plot\u00eb. Si t\u00eb ecet p\u00ebrpara p\u00ebr \u00e7\u00ebshtje konkrete: si Marr\u00ebveshja e Stabilizim-Asociimit, si an\u00ebtar\u00ebsimi n\u00eb K\u00ebshillin e Evrop\u00ebs? K\u00ebto jan\u00eb hapa q\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktohen qart\u00eb dhe q\u00eb mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb suksessh\u00ebm sesa n\u00eb t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn.<\/p>\n
Bashkimi Evropian po e leht\u00ebson gjithashtu k\u00ebt\u00eb dialog. A mendoni se dialogu i leht\u00ebsuar nga BE-ja e ka humbur momentumin e tij, apo ka ende hapa q\u00eb duhen nd\u00ebrmarr\u00eb p\u00ebr ta rivitalizuar k\u00ebt\u00eb proces?<\/p>\n
Wolfgang Petritsch: Pas nj\u00eb periudhe kaq t\u00eb gjat\u00eb, ku \u2013 si\u00e7 thash\u00eb \u2013 jan\u00eb arritur shum\u00eb gj\u00ebra, disa \u00e7\u00ebshtje kan\u00eb marr\u00eb rrjedh\u00ebn e tyre dhe procesi nuk po funksionon m\u00eb aq mir\u00eb. Un\u00eb e shoh problemin m\u00eb t\u00eb madh kryesisht n\u00eb nivelin e personaliteteve. Vet\u00ebm disa vite m\u00eb par\u00eb \u2013 ndoshta shtat\u00eb apo tet\u00eb vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb \u2013 organizova n\u00eb em\u00ebr t\u00eb Presidentit t\u00eb Austris\u00eb nj\u00eb takim mes zotit Vu\u00e7i\u00e7 dhe zotit Tha\u00e7i n\u00eb Austri, n\u00eb Tirol, n\u00eb nj\u00eb simpozium t\u00eb madh. Ishte hera e par\u00eb q\u00eb nj\u00eb takim publik u zhvillua me presidentin e Austris\u00eb dhe me t\u00eb dy lider\u00ebt. At\u00ebher\u00eb kam pasur p\u00ebrshtypjen se ata e respektonin nj\u00ebri-tjetrin dhe se nj\u00eb dialog personal ishte i mundur. Fatkeq\u00ebsisht, zoti Tha\u00e7i nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb n\u00eb sken\u00ebn politike; ai po p\u00ebrballet n\u00eb Hag\u00eb me nj\u00eb situat\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb. Por zoti Kurti nuk ka arritur t\u00eb krijoj\u00eb nj\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie funksionale me zotin Vu\u00e7i\u00e7. Dhe, natyrisht, mund t\u00eb thuhet e nj\u00ebjta gj\u00eb edhe p\u00ebr zotin Vu\u00e7i\u00e7 \u2013 pse nuk b\u00ebn ai m\u00eb shum\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb komunikuar me zotin Kurti? Megjithat\u00eb, Vu\u00e7i\u00e7 n\u00eb t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn ka arritur t\u00eb krijoj\u00eb nj\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie pune me liderin kosovar shqiptar, zotin Tha\u00e7i. Pra, pse kjo nuk po funksionon tani me zotin Kurti? Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb di\u00e7ka p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebn zoti Kurti duhet t\u00eb mendoj\u00eb dhe t\u00eb shoh\u00eb \u00e7far\u00eb mund t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet, sepse Serbia do t\u00eb mbetet gjithmon\u00eb fqinj i Kosov\u00ebs. Serb\u00ebt n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb do t\u00eb shikojn\u00eb nga Beogradi, por ata duhet t\u00eb ftohen gjithashtu t\u00eb shohin edhe nga Prishtina p\u00ebr zgjidhje.<\/p>\n
A mendoni se mjedisi aktual rajonal dhe nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar krijon mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb reja apo sfida shtes\u00eb p\u00ebr normalizimin e marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve mes dy vendeve?<\/p>\n
Wolfgang Petritsch: Dialogu ekziston, por po funksionon m\u00eb shum\u00eb n\u00eb an\u00ebn e Brukselit, nd\u00ebrsa nuk po funksionon realisht n\u00eb nivelin e dy kryeqyteteve, Prishtin\u00ebs dhe Beogradit. Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00eb nivel teknik po b\u00ebhen p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsime. Dhe un\u00eb mendoj se \u00ebsht\u00eb mir\u00eb q\u00eb kjo pjes\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb n\u00eb v\u00ebmendjen e publikut apo mediave. Zoti Sorensen po b\u00ebn nj\u00eb pun\u00eb v\u00ebrtet t\u00eb shk\u00eblqyer, por ai mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb aq i suksessh\u00ebm sa e duan Prishtina dhe Beogradi. Si\u00e7 e kam p\u00ebrmendur m\u00eb her\u00ebt, Kosova synon t\u00eb an\u00ebtar\u00ebsohet n\u00eb Bashkimin Evropian dhe t\u00eb b\u00ebhet pjes\u00eb e shteteve dhe komunitetit evropian. Por Evropa ndodhet n\u00eb nj\u00eb situat\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb politike. Kam p\u00ebrmendur luft\u00ebrat n\u00eb fqinj\u00ebsi. Tani, natyrisht, edhe marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnia me administrat\u00ebn Trump \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb nga nivelet m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebta t\u00eb mundshme. Zoti Trump ka probleme t\u00eb tjera \u2013 sfida t\u00eb brendshme dhe v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi politike, nd\u00ebrsa zgjedhjet e mesmandatit po afrohen. Prandaj, mendoj se ne evropian\u00ebt duhet t\u00eb punojm\u00eb s\u00eb bashku dhe t\u00eb sigurohemi q\u00eb t\u2019i zgjidhim vet\u00eb problemet tona. Situata gjeopolitike \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb sfid\u00eb absolute dhe nuk mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrballojm\u00eb q\u00eb nj\u00eb ose dy vende \u2013 po mendoj p\u00ebr Bosnj\u00ebn dhe Kosov\u00ebn \u2013 t\u00eb krijojn\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb probleme sesa \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme.<\/p>\n
Z. Wolfgang, Kosova tradicionalisht \u00ebsht\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetur shum\u00eb n\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetjen e fort\u00eb si nga Bashkimi Evropian ashtu edhe nga Shtetet e Bashkuara. Si do t\u2019i karakterizonit k\u00ebto marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie sot, n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb moment t\u00eb ri, do t\u00eb thosha?<\/p>\n
Wolfgang Petritsch: Qasja e re q\u00eb ka zgjedhur Uashingtoni \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb qasje rrept\u00ebsisht transaksionale. \u00cbsht\u00eb thjesht biznes. Mendoni p\u00ebr at\u00eb q\u00eb po ndodh me nd\u00ebrmarrjet amerikane n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri \u2013 protesta t\u00eb m\u00ebdha kund\u00ebr k\u00ebtij lloj angazhimi q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm biznes dhe asgj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr. E nj\u00ebjta situat\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb edhe n\u00eb Bosnje, ku po shqyrtohet nd\u00ebrtimi i nj\u00eb gazsjell\u00ebsi nga nj\u00eb kompani amerikane, e cila duksh\u00ebm \u00ebsht\u00eb absolutisht e paaft\u00eb, dhe e vetmja \u201cavantazh\u201d i saj \u00ebsht\u00eb fakti se miq t\u00eb zotit Trump jan\u00eb pronar\u00eb t\u00eb saj dhe duan t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtojn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb gazsjell\u00ebs. K\u00ebto jan\u00eb zhvillime krejt\u00ebsisht n\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtim me interesin e Evrop\u00ebs. Rregullat dhe standardet evropiane vlejn\u00eb edhe n\u00eb Bosnje, vlejn\u00eb edhe n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, dhe duhet t\u00eb vlejn\u00eb edhe n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb. Prandaj, duhet t\u00eb siguroheni q\u00eb k\u00ebto procese t\u00eb rregullohen si\u00e7 duhet dhe q\u00eb Kosova t\u00eb ket\u00eb nj\u00eb zhvillim t\u00eb mir\u00eb ekonomik. Kam folur me kosovar\u00eb dhe ata m\u00eb thon\u00eb se ekonomia nuk po ec\u00ebn mir\u00eb. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtja kryesore me t\u00eb cil\u00ebn duhet t\u00eb merreni.<\/p>\n
A mendoni se tensionet e fundit mes Kosov\u00ebs dhe disa partner\u00ebve per\u00ebndimor\u00eb tregojn\u00eb mosmarr\u00ebveshje m\u00eb t\u00eb thella strategjike?<\/p>\n
Wolfgang Petritsch: Jo aq shum\u00eb mosmarr\u00ebveshje strategjike, sa nj\u00eb frustrim p\u00ebr faktin se gj\u00ebrat nuk po l\u00ebvizin p\u00ebrpara. T\u00eb shoh\u00ebsh q\u00eb p\u00ebr gati dy vite e vetmja gj\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebn diskutohet n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb jan\u00eb zgjedhjet e reja, apo pamund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjedhur nj\u00eb president, \u00ebsht\u00eb problematike. Mendoj se duhet t\u00eb shtoj edhe nj\u00eb gj\u00eb: shoh nj\u00eb problem edhe n\u00eb kushtetut\u00eb. Rregullat p\u00ebr zgjedhjen e presidentit \u2013 ose ndoshta, pasi t\u00eb jet\u00eb kaluar me sukses kjo faz\u00eb \u2013 duhet t\u00eb rishikohet sistemi i qeverisjes n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb. Kushtetuta ka nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr disa ndryshime, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb mos p\u00ebrfundoni \u00e7do her\u00eb, sa her\u00eb q\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqeni t\u00eb zgjidhni nj\u00eb president, n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat probleme institucionale.<\/p>\n
Cili \u00ebsht\u00eb mendimi juaj se \u00e7far\u00eb duhet t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb Kosova p\u00ebr t\u00eb forcuar kredibilitetin dhe partneritetin me Brukselin dhe Uashingtonin?<\/p>\n
Wolfgang Petritsch: \u00c7\u00ebshtja qendrore \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb ket\u00eb dialog p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjetur nj\u00eb zgjidhje t\u00eb mir\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb drejtat e komunitetit serb, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb shumic\u00eb n\u00eb disa zona. Le ta l\u00ebm\u00eb m\u00ebnjan\u00eb termin \u201cAsociacion\u201d, n\u00ebse z. Kurti nuk e p\u00eblqen k\u00ebt\u00eb term. Le t\u00eb jemi pragmatik\u00eb, por t\u00eb gjejm\u00eb nj\u00eb zgjidhje q\u00eb zbaton frym\u00ebn e marr\u00ebveshjes p\u00ebr asociacionin. Sipas mendimit tim, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme \u2013 jo si e quani, por \u00e7far\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtje ka. Dhe duhet t\u00eb siguroheni q\u00eb ju vet\u00eb t\u00eb jeni n\u00eb krye t\u00eb propozimeve. Sepse n\u00eb momentin kur merrni di\u00e7ka nga Brukseli, shpesh problemi \u00ebsht\u00eb se mund t\u00eb mos ju p\u00eblqej\u00eb. Prandaj, m\u00eb mir\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb ta b\u00ebni vet\u00eb \u201cdetyr\u00ebn e sht\u00ebpis\u00eb\u201d dhe t\u00eb ofroni zgjidhje p\u00ebr komunitetin serb, duke u garantuar atyre t\u00eb drejtat e nevojshme. Kjo do t\u00eb mbetet nj\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje afatgjat\u00eb, por duhet t\u00eb fillohet tani dhe t\u00eb krijohet nj\u00eb mekaniz\u00ebm i mir\u00eb zbatimi, kontrolli dhe bashk\u00ebpunimi.<\/p>\n
Pra ju mendoni se problemi m\u00eb i madh i Kosov\u00ebs me partner\u00ebt e saj jan\u00eb t\u00eb drejtat e komunitetit serb?<\/p>\n
Wolfgang Petritsch: Jo, nuk mendoj se problemi m\u00eb i madh i Kosov\u00ebs me partner\u00ebt e saj jan\u00eb t\u00eb drejtat e komunitetit serb. Por \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje q\u00eb ka edhe nj\u00eb dimension shum\u00eb simbolik. Ju keni nj\u00eb kushtetut\u00eb q\u00eb parashikon shum\u00eb t\u00eb drejta p\u00ebr pakicat, por pala serbe \u00ebsht\u00eb di\u00e7ka m\u00eb specifike dhe m\u00eb e kontestuar. Si\u00e7 e dini, ende keni pes\u00eb shtete mosnjoh\u00ebse. Mendoj se k\u00ebto qeveri do ta njohin Kosov\u00ebn sapo t\u00eb ket\u00eb nj\u00eb zgjidhje t\u00eb k\u00ebnaqshme p\u00ebr pjes\u00ebn veriore t\u00eb vendit. Besoj se kjo do t\u2019ju ndihmonte v\u00ebrtet dhe do ta forconte Kosov\u00ebn m\u00eb shum\u00eb sesa \u00ebsht\u00eb sot.<\/p>\n
Po shohim q\u00eb NATO do t\u00eb t\u00ebrheq\u00eb disa nga trupat ushtarak\u00eb nga Kosova. Si e shihni k\u00ebt\u00eb si sinjal? A \u00ebsht\u00eb di\u00e7ka pozitive, a do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se Kosova ka arritur stabilitetin e saj, apo si e vler\u00ebsoni rolin e NATO-s n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb?<\/p>\n
Wolfgang Petritsch: NATO \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00ebn presion t\u00eb madh nga Uashingtoni. Uashingtoni tashm\u00eb ka njoftuar publikisht se SHBA do t\u00eb t\u00ebrheq\u00eb trupat e saj nga Evropa. Dhe kjo, qart\u00eb, ndikon edhe n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb. Prandaj, mendoj se \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb b\u00ebhet p\u00ebrparim n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha \u00e7\u00ebshtjet q\u00eb kemi trajtuar n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb intervist\u00eb, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb afroheni m\u00eb shum\u00eb edhe me krijimin e forcave tuaja sovrane t\u00eb armatosura. Do t\u2019ju duhet t\u00eb merrni vet\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr sigurin\u00eb tuaj. Do t\u2019ju duhet t\u00eb b\u00ebheni nj\u00eb ofrues sigurie p\u00ebr Kosov\u00ebn dhe p\u00ebr rajonin. Duhet t\u00eb b\u00ebheni nj\u00eb faktor stabilizues. Aktualisht, ju po kontribuoni m\u00eb shum\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb situat\u00eb t\u00eb paq\u00ebndrueshme n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb rajonin, dhe kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e mir\u00eb. Na duhet q\u00eb Kosova t\u00eb b\u00ebhet nj\u00eb partner konstruktiv n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb.<\/p>\n
\u00c7far\u00eb n\u00ebnkuptoni me \u201csituat\u00eb t\u00eb paq\u00ebndrueshme\u201d?<\/p>\n
Wolfgang Petritsch: Nuk e di sakt\u00ebsisht \u00e7far\u00eb n\u00ebnkupton. Ne e dim\u00eb se gjithmon\u00eb ekziston nj\u00eb debat i brendsh\u00ebm, si\u00e7 e diskutuam m\u00eb her\u00ebt \u2013 \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb situat\u00eb politike q\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb stabile.<\/p>\n
Dhe pyetja ime e fundit do t\u00eb ishte: si e shihni procesin e zgjerimit t\u00eb Bashkimit Evropian dhe ndikimin e tij n\u00eb vendet e rajonit, n\u00eb Ballkanin Per\u00ebndimor, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb?<\/p>\n
Wolfgang Petritsch: Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtja m\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme q\u00eb vlen p\u00ebr gjith\u00eb rajonin e Ballkanit Per\u00ebndimor. Mali i Zi ka b\u00ebr\u00eb mjaft p\u00ebrparim dhe ka tejkaluar shum\u00eb nga problemet q\u00eb ende e pengojn\u00eb Kosov\u00ebn. Mendoni p\u00ebr faktin se Mali i Zi, megjith\u00ebse ka vet\u00ebm rreth 600 mij\u00eb banor\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb shtet multietnik. Ata kan\u00eb shqiptar\u00eb, marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet jan\u00eb mjaft t\u00eb mira, kan\u00eb edhe komunitete t\u00eb tjera serbe dhe jo-malazeze. Kan\u00eb nj\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie t\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb edhe me Beogradin, por e menaxhojn\u00eb at\u00eb. Dhe kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft pozitive p\u00ebr rajonin. Maqedonia e Veriut po p\u00ebrpiqet shum\u00eb gjithashtu. Edhe marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet mes maqedonasve sllav\u00eb dhe shqiptar\u00ebve jan\u00eb t\u00eb nd\u00ebrlikuara, por ata po punojn\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb drejtim. Por nuk d\u00ebgjon probleme t\u00eb tilla si ato q\u00eb hasen n\u00eb Prishtin\u00eb, ku partit\u00eb politike nuk flasin me nj\u00ebra-tjetr\u00ebn. Kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb shenj\u00eb e mir\u00eb p\u00ebr Kosov\u00ebn. Prandaj, Bashkimi Evropian po zgjerohet drejt Ballkanit Per\u00ebndimor, por n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb ka edhe nj\u00eb mandat t\u00eb qart\u00eb nga shtetet an\u00ebtare: t\u00eb reformoheni, t\u00eb zgjidhni problemet tuaja dhe pastaj mund t\u00eb bashkoheni n\u00eb Bashkimin Evropian. Dhe kjo vlen edhe p\u00ebr Kosov\u00ebn.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ish-diplomati i lart\u00eb austriak Wolfgang Petritsch vler\u00ebson se Kosova po p\u00ebrballet me nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb t\u00eb…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":28570,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-28560","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lajme"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/faktiditor.ch\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28560","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/faktiditor.ch\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/faktiditor.ch\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/faktiditor.ch\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/faktiditor.ch\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=28560"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/faktiditor.ch\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28560\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":28571,"href":"https:\/\/faktiditor.ch\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28560\/revisions\/28571"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/faktiditor.ch\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/28570"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/faktiditor.ch\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=28560"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/faktiditor.ch\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=28560"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/faktiditor.ch\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=28560"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}