Mbajtja e or\u00ebs verore gjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb vitit mund t\u00eb sjell\u00eb mbr\u00ebmje m\u00eb t\u00eb ndri\u00e7uara, por nj\u00eb studim i ri tregon se ky ndryshim mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb nj\u00eb pasoj\u00eb shqet\u00ebsuese p\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00ebt amerikan\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Kalimi n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb sistem n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb vendin mund t\u00eb rezultoj\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn 2 miliard\u00eb udh\u00ebtime shtes\u00eb drejt shkoll\u00ebs n\u00eb err\u00ebsir\u00eb, duke rritur potencialisht rreziqet p\u00ebr sigurin\u00eb dhe duke pak\u00ebsuar ekspozimin e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve ndaj drit\u00ebs s\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb m\u00ebngjesit.<\/p>\n
Debati p\u00ebr mbajtjen e p\u00ebrhershme t\u00eb or\u00ebs verore ka marr\u00eb vrull n\u00eb Uashington, D.C. Gjat\u00eb ver\u00ebs s\u00eb kaluar, Dhoma e P\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuesve e SHBA-s\u00eb miratoi nj\u00eb projektligj q\u00eb do t\u00eb eliminonte kthimin vjetor n\u00eb or\u00ebn standarde gjat\u00eb vjesht\u00ebs. N\u00ebnt\u00ebmb\u00ebdhjet\u00eb shtete, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb Uashingtonin, kan\u00eb miratuar tashm\u00eb masa n\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje t\u00eb k\u00ebtij ndryshimi, t\u00eb cilat do t\u00eb hynin n\u00eb fuqi n\u00eb k\u00ebto shtete n\u00ebse projektligji federal b\u00ebhet ligj.<\/p>\n
Projektligji ka mbetur i bllokuar n\u00eb Senat, nd\u00ebrsa oraret e fillimit t\u00eb m\u00ebsimit n\u00eb shkolla jan\u00eb shnd\u00ebrruar n\u00eb nj\u00eb nga shqet\u00ebsimet kryesore. Ora verore e p\u00ebrhershme (DST) do ta shtynte lindjen e diellit me nj\u00eb or\u00eb m\u00eb von\u00eb gjat\u00eb muajve t\u00eb dimrit, duke b\u00ebr\u00eb q\u00eb m\u00ebngjeset t\u00eb jen\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb err\u00ebta nga n\u00ebntori deri n\u00eb mars. Megjith\u00ebse kjo do t\u00eb prekte t\u00eb gjith\u00eb ata q\u00eb udh\u00ebtojn\u00eb her\u00ebt gjat\u00eb dit\u00ebs, studiuesit e Universitetit t\u00eb Uashingtonit d\u00ebshironin t\u00eb kuptonin se \u00e7far\u00eb do t\u00eb n\u00ebnkuptonte konkretisht ky ndryshim p\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00ebt q\u00eb shkojn\u00eb n\u00eb shkoll\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Ora verore e p\u00ebrhershme mund t\u00eb shtoj\u00eb miliarda udh\u00ebtime drejt shkoll\u00ebs n\u00eb err\u00ebsir\u00eb<\/p>\n
P\u00ebr t\u00eb matur ndikimin e mundsh\u00ebm, ekipi k\u00ebrkimor shqyrtoi 14 nga 19 shtetet q\u00eb kan\u00eb miratuar tashm\u00eb masa p\u00ebr mbajtjen e p\u00ebrhershme t\u00eb or\u00ebs verore. Ata kombinuan t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat p\u00ebr regjistrimin e nx\u00ebn\u00ebsve n\u00eb shkolla, oraret individuale t\u00eb fillimit t\u00eb m\u00ebsimit dhe koordinatat gjeografike, p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar se sa shpesh nx\u00ebn\u00ebsve do t’u duhej t\u00eb udh\u00ebtonin drejt shkoll\u00ebs p\u00ebrpara lindjes s\u00eb diellit. M\u00eb pas, studiuesit llogarit\u00ebn numrin e p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre udh\u00ebtimeve sipas sistemit t\u00eb propozuar dhe e krahasuan at\u00eb me praktik\u00ebn aktuale t\u00eb ndryshimit t\u00eb or\u00ebs dy her\u00eb n\u00eb vit.<\/p>\n
Rezultatet treguan rritje t\u00eb konsiderueshme. Vet\u00ebm n\u00eb shtetin e Uashingtonit, mbajtja e p\u00ebrhershme e or\u00ebs verore do t\u00eb sillte afro 35 milion\u00eb udh\u00ebtime shtes\u00eb drejt shkoll\u00ebs n\u00eb err\u00ebsir\u00eb. T\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat prirje u vun\u00eb re edhe n\u00eb 13 shtetet e tjera, ku Xhorxhia sh\u00ebnoi rritjen m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe, me rreth 71 milion\u00eb udh\u00ebtime shtes\u00eb n\u00eb err\u00ebsir\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Kur studiuesit i zgjeruan gjetjet e tyre p\u00ebr t\u00eb vler\u00ebsuar ndikimin n\u00eb shkall\u00eb komb\u00ebtare, ata llogarit\u00ebn se mbajtja e p\u00ebrhershme e or\u00ebs verore do t\u00eb krijonte t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn 2 miliard\u00eb udh\u00ebtime m\u00eb shum\u00eb drejt shkoll\u00ebs p\u00ebrpara lindjes s\u00eb diellit, krahasuar me sistemin aktual.<\/p>\n
Pasojat e mundshme shkojn\u00eb p\u00ebrtej shqet\u00ebsimit t\u00eb m\u00ebngjeseve t\u00eb v\u00ebshtira. Nj\u00eb analiz\u00eb e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave amerikane p\u00ebr aksidentet e trafikut zbuloi se aksidentet fatale ku p\u00ebrfshiheshin k\u00ebmb\u00ebsor\u00eb t\u00eb mosh\u00ebs shkollore kishin af\u00ebrsisht dy her\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb gjasa t\u00eb ndodhnin gjat\u00eb m\u00ebngjeseve t\u00eb err\u00ebta sesa pas lindjes s\u00eb diellit. Gjetjet u botuan m\u00eb 29 tetor n\u00eb revist\u00ebn Current Biology.<\/p>\n
“Ky ligj quhet ‘Akti p\u00ebr Mbrojtjen e Drit\u00ebs s\u00eb Diellit’ (Sunshine Protection Act), sepse ju siguron nj\u00eb or\u00eb shtes\u00eb drit\u00eb n\u00eb fund t\u00eb dit\u00ebs. Por k\u00ebt\u00eb or\u00eb do ta merrni nga m\u00ebngjesi. Mund ta quani ‘Akti p\u00ebr Shkat\u00ebrrimin e Drit\u00ebs s\u00eb Diellit’ (Sunshine Destruction Act)”, tha autori kryesor i studimit, Horacio de la Iglesia, profesor i biologjis\u00eb n\u00eb Universitetin e Uashingtonit. “K\u00ebto m\u00ebngjese t\u00eb err\u00ebta do t\u00eb ndikojn\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb pabarabart\u00eb te f\u00ebmij\u00ebt q\u00eb duhet t\u00eb shkojn\u00eb n\u00eb shkoll\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb orar t\u00eb caktuar. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb tregues shum\u00eb konkret, me t\u00eb cilin mund t\u00eb identifikohet kushdo, pavar\u00ebsisht shtetit apo prejardhjes socioekonomike. Askush nuk d\u00ebshiron q\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebt e tij t\u00eb shkojn\u00eb n\u00eb shkoll\u00eb n\u00eb err\u00ebsir\u00eb.”<\/p>\n
Pse drita e m\u00ebngjesit \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme p\u00ebr sh\u00ebndetin e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve<\/p>\n
P\u00ebrtej shqet\u00ebsimeve p\u00ebr sigurin\u00eb n\u00eb trafik, humbja e ekspozimit ndaj drit\u00ebs s\u00eb m\u00ebngjesit mund t\u00eb nd\u00ebrhyj\u00eb n\u00eb ritmet natyrore ditore t\u00eb organizmit. Drita e fort\u00eb n\u00eb or\u00ebt e para t\u00eb dit\u00ebs ndihmon n\u00eb sinkronizimin e or\u00ebs cirkadiane, sistemit t\u00eb brendsh\u00ebm kohor q\u00eb ndikon te gjumi, humori, oreksi dhe funksione t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme. Kur njer\u00ebzit marrin shum\u00eb pak drit\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebngjes, ruajtja e k\u00ebtyre ritmeve biologjike mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet m\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb.<\/p>\n
P\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00ebt, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt zakonisht duhet t\u00eb ndjekin orare t\u00eb pandryshueshme shkollore, m\u00ebngjeset m\u00eb t\u00eb err\u00ebta mund t\u00eb n\u00ebnkuptojn\u00eb humbjen e nj\u00eb mund\u00ebsie t\u00eb vlefshme p\u00ebr t’u ekspozuar ndaj drit\u00ebs s\u00eb dit\u00ebs n\u00eb nj\u00eb koh\u00eb kur organizmi i tyre ka nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb.<\/p>\n
“Kur i d\u00ebrgojm\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebt n\u00eb shkoll\u00eb n\u00eb err\u00ebsir\u00eb, po i privojm\u00eb ata nga mund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb drit\u00ebn e m\u00ebngjesit”, tha autorja kryesore e studimit, Guadalupe Rodr\u00edguez Ferrante, studiuese postdoktorale n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e biologjis\u00eb n\u00eb Universitetin e Uashingtonit. “Ne po pyesnim se cili \u00ebsht\u00eb \u00e7mimi q\u00eb paguajn\u00eb k\u00ebta f\u00ebmij\u00eb. Donim shifra konkrete, nj\u00eb num\u00ebr real t\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebve, bazuar n\u00eb vendndodhjen gjeografike t\u00eb secil\u00ebs shkoll\u00eb.”<\/p>\n
Studiuesit identifikuan gjithashtu komunitetet q\u00eb do t\u00eb p\u00ebrjetonin ndryshimet m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha. Shkollat q\u00eb ndodhen pran\u00eb kufijve per\u00ebndimor\u00eb t\u00eb zonave kohore, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb ato n\u00eb Forks t\u00eb shtetit t\u00eb Uashingtonit, do t\u00eb prekeshin ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht, sepse lindja e diellit n\u00eb k\u00ebto vende ndodh tashm\u00eb relativisht von\u00eb. Edhe rrethet shkollore q\u00eb e fillojn\u00eb m\u00ebsimin her\u00ebt n\u00eb m\u00ebngjes do t\u00eb p\u00ebrballeshin me rritje t\u00eb ngjashme t\u00eb numrit t\u00eb udh\u00ebtimeve n\u00eb err\u00ebsir\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Misisipi dhe Alabama ofrojn\u00eb shembuj dometh\u00ebn\u00ebs. Shkollat n\u00eb t\u00eb dyja shtetet e fillojn\u00eb m\u00ebsimin mesatarisht p\u00ebrpara or\u00ebs 8:00 t\u00eb m\u00ebngjesit. Sipas sistemit aktual t\u00eb or\u00ebs, secili prej k\u00ebtyre shteteve ka af\u00ebrsisht 2 milion\u00eb udh\u00ebtime shkollore n\u00eb err\u00ebsir\u00eb. Me mbajtjen e p\u00ebrhershme t\u00eb or\u00ebs verore, kjo shif\u00ebr do t\u00eb rritej n\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 20 milion\u00eb udh\u00ebtime p\u00ebr \u00e7do shtet.<\/p>\n
“Disa rrethe shkollore ndoshta nuk p\u00ebrjetojn\u00eb kurr\u00eb udh\u00ebtime n\u00eb err\u00ebsir\u00eb sipas sistemit aktual, por, n\u00ebse ky propozim miratohet, papritur do t\u00eb p\u00ebrballen me nj\u00eb realitet t\u00eb ri: f\u00ebmij\u00ebt e tyre do t\u00eb shkojn\u00eb n\u00eb shkoll\u00eb n\u00eb err\u00ebsir\u00eb”, tha Rodr\u00edguez Ferrante. “Duhet t\u00eb kemi parasysh se ne p\u00ebrdor\u00ebm orarin real t\u00eb fillimit t\u00eb m\u00ebsimit t\u00eb regjistruar p\u00ebr secil\u00ebn shkoll\u00eb dhe se shum\u00eb shkolla ofrojn\u00eb m\u00ebngjes ose aktivitete t\u00eb tjera p\u00ebrpara fillimit t\u00eb m\u00ebsimit, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebt mund t\u00eb mb\u00ebrrijn\u00eb edhe m\u00eb her\u00ebt.”<\/p>\n
Pse vler\u00ebsimi prej 2 miliard\u00eb udh\u00ebtimesh mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00eb i ul\u00ebt se shifra reale<\/p>\n
Megjith\u00ebse studiuesit p\u00ebrdor\u00ebn t\u00eb dh\u00ebna t\u00eb detajuara p\u00ebr shkollat p\u00ebr t\u00eb llogaritur ndryshimet n\u00eb 14 shtete, vler\u00ebsimi i tyre n\u00eb shkall\u00eb komb\u00ebtare k\u00ebrkonte supozime m\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme. P\u00ebr t\u00eb parashikuar se \u00e7far\u00eb do t\u00eb ndodhte n\u00ebse i gjith\u00eb Shtetet e Bashkuara do t\u00eb miratonin mbajtjen e p\u00ebrhershme t\u00eb or\u00ebs verore, ata supozuan se nx\u00ebn\u00ebsit, n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, do t\u00eb niseshin p\u00ebr n\u00eb shkoll\u00eb rreth or\u00ebs 8:00 t\u00eb m\u00ebngjesit.<\/p>\n
Meqen\u00ebse shum\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00eb nisen m\u00eb her\u00ebt, ekipi beson se rritja e parashikuar prej rreth 2 miliard\u00eb udh\u00ebtimesh n\u00eb err\u00ebsir\u00eb mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb n\u00ebnvler\u00ebsim i konsideruesh\u00ebm i ndikimit real.<\/p>\n
“P\u00ebr llogaritjen, supozuam se nx\u00ebn\u00ebsit do t\u00eb niseshin nga sht\u00ebpia rreth or\u00ebs 8:00 t\u00eb m\u00ebngjesit”, tha Rodr\u00edguez Ferrante. “Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb or\u00eb mjaft e von\u00eb, prandaj llogaritja jon\u00eb ka t\u00eb ngjar\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00eb e ul\u00ebt se shifra reale.”<\/p>\n
Gjetjet ngren\u00eb gjithashtu pik\u00ebpyetje lidhur me p\u00ebrpjekjet p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar gjumin e adoleshent\u00ebve p\u00ebrmes shtyrjes s\u00eb orarit t\u00eb fillimit t\u00eb m\u00ebsimit n\u00eb shkollat e mesme. Zakonisht, adoleshent\u00ebt kan\u00eb or\u00eb biologjike q\u00eb zhvendosen m\u00eb von\u00eb n\u00eb krahasim me f\u00ebmij\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb vegj\u00ebl dhe t\u00eb rriturit, ndaj oraret e m\u00ebvonshme t\u00eb shkoll\u00ebs jan\u00eb t\u00eb dobishme p\u00ebr ta. Studiuesit argumentojn\u00eb se zhvendosja e p\u00ebrhershme e akrepave t\u00eb or\u00ebs p\u00ebrpara mund t\u00eb minoj\u00eb disa nga k\u00ebto p\u00ebrfitime, duke e b\u00ebr\u00eb m\u00eb pak t\u00eb disponueshme drit\u00ebn e m\u00ebngjesit.<\/p>\n
Nj\u00eb zgjidhje e mundshme do t\u00eb ishte fillimi i m\u00ebsimit m\u00eb von\u00eb, p\u00ebr t\u00eb kompensuar m\u00ebngjeset m\u00eb t\u00eb err\u00ebta. Megjithat\u00eb, de la Iglesia argumenton se nj\u00eb ndryshim i till\u00eb mund t\u00eb shkaktonte pasoja zinxhir n\u00eb jet\u00ebn e p\u00ebrditshme, duke k\u00ebrkuar q\u00eb edhe familjet dhe vendet e pun\u00ebs t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatnin oraret e tyre.<\/p>\n
“Kam d\u00ebgjuar argumentin: ‘N\u00ebse kalojm\u00eb n\u00eb or\u00ebn verore t\u00eb p\u00ebrhershme, mund ta shtyjm\u00eb thjesht orarin e fillimit t\u00eb m\u00ebsimit p\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjidhur k\u00ebto probleme'”, tha de la Iglesia. “Epo, n\u00ebse e b\u00ebjm\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb, do t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundoni duke shkuar m\u00eb von\u00eb n\u00eb pun\u00eb. Dhe gjith\u00e7ka do t\u00eb shtyhet. Do t\u00eb dilni nga puna nj\u00eb or\u00eb m\u00eb von\u00eb dhe do t\u00eb humbisni mund\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb shijuar drit\u00ebn e mbr\u00ebmjes. N\u00eb thelb, thjesht do t’i p\u00ebrshtatim t\u00eb gjith\u00eb s\u00ebrish me koh\u00ebn diellore. Dhe kjo, sipas p\u00ebrkufizimit, \u00ebsht\u00eb ora standarde.”<\/p>\n
Gjetjet e studiuesve nxjerrin n\u00eb pah nj\u00eb kompromis thelb\u00ebsor n\u00eb debatin p\u00ebr mbajtjen e p\u00ebrhershme t\u00eb or\u00ebs verore. Nd\u00ebrsa eliminimi i ndryshimeve sezonale t\u00eb or\u00ebs do t\u00eb siguronte m\u00eb shum\u00eb drit\u00eb dielli gjat\u00eb mbr\u00ebmjeve t\u00eb dimrit, kjo drit\u00eb shtes\u00eb do t\u00eb vinte n\u00eb kurriz t\u00eb drit\u00ebs s\u00eb m\u00ebngjesit, duke ndikuar potencialisht n\u00eb sigurin\u00eb, gjumin dhe rutin\u00ebn e p\u00ebrditshme t\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebve.\/ScienceDaily<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Mbajtja e or\u00ebs verore gjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb vitit mund t\u00eb sjell\u00eb mbr\u00ebmje m\u00eb t\u00eb ndri\u00e7uara, por…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":62522,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-62519","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bote"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/faktiditor.ch\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62519","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/faktiditor.ch\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/faktiditor.ch\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/faktiditor.ch\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/faktiditor.ch\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=62519"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/faktiditor.ch\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62519\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":62523,"href":"https:\/\/faktiditor.ch\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62519\/revisions\/62523"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/faktiditor.ch\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/62522"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/faktiditor.ch\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=62519"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/faktiditor.ch\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=62519"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/faktiditor.ch\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=62519"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}